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潇湘诗赖斯人助

来源:湖南日报 邓板栗   时间 : 2020-07-24

 

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  ——写在杜甫逝世1250周年

 

  2002年,长沙市做了一件很有意义的事,就是在湘江岸边,修建仿古园林建筑杜甫江阁。

  长沙非常有必要这么做。晚年的杜甫以贫病之身,曾三度客居长沙,留下50余首一生压卷之作。盛世修阁,是长沙这座城市对杜甫的崇敬、缅怀,体现了对中华文化传承的使命担当。这也使得山水洲城更富人文厚重感。江阁与橘子洲、岳麓山隔江相望,遂成市民休闲游览的新胜地,又何尝不是惠及百姓民生的好手笔。

  不过,有关杜甫,就湖南而言,除了修建一座江阁,可做的、应做的,似乎还有更多。

  杜甫是唐代伟大的现实主义诗人,被世人尊为“诗圣”。他出生于河南,但生命中的最后岁月留在湖南。由于身处国家多难的时代,晚年的杜甫颠沛流离,768年(唐大历三年)冬,56岁的他带着家人,前来投奔时任衡州刺史的好友韦之晋,却因后者暴亡而失去依托,自此在湖南流荡,直至在贫病交加中辞世,成为中华诗史上的一大悲哀。

  然而,所谓“江山不幸诗家幸”,也可说是“诗家不幸湖南幸”。杜甫星陨湖南,但在湖南约一年零九个月的最后时光,却留下了大量诗篇,为湖南增光添色,成为湖湘文化中的瑰宝。近代湖湘俊杰多读杜甫之诗,感其忧国忧民之志,故杜甫实乃近代湖南人才群体勃兴的重要催化元素。比如,毛泽东早年求学期间即推崇杜诗,1958年还特地参观了杜甫草堂。作为伟大的政治家,毛泽东评价杜甫的诗是“政治诗”。

  湖南是杜甫魂归之所,对杜甫一生具有特殊意义;杜甫对湖湘精神影响很大,更值得我们倍加缅怀。实际上,杜甫入湘前流寓四川成都,4年留诗240余首,并建草堂,如今的杜甫草堂已占地近200000平方米,成为四川省最负盛名的文化名片之一。杜甫生命最后的霞光照耀湖南,近两年时间亦留诗190余首,除了杜甫江阁,我们还有更多可以做的事。

  思接千年,当年的杜甫辗转而至湖南,“亲朋无一字,老病有孤舟”,甚至一度在投靠亲友的途中遇大水不能前行,5天不得食物,幸亏有当地县官馈赠的一点牛肉而得接济。后来冒着风霜雪雨北归,却重疾复发,在往昌江县(今平江)投友求医时,不幸病逝于县治寓所。一代诗圣,就此陨落。更有一说法是杜甫在耒阳县境酒后于汨罗江上落水而亡,竟与伟大的浪漫主义诗人屈原魂归同一条江水。

  杜甫在湖南的足迹,履及岳阳、长沙、衡阳、耒阳、平江等多地,今耒阳、平江尚遗存有杜甫墓。为此,笔者屡发奇愿,期待湖南或可多地联动,更好地共同缅怀杜甫。在长沙,杜甫江阁或可扩建,在确保行洪、交通等安全情况下,采现代建筑技术扩大面积,增加文物陈列等,供游人更好凭吊,并与岳麓山、岳阳楼、耒阳和平江杜甫墓等连点成线,共兴“诗圣文化游”,让人们更好追思传承诗圣遗存。以此为依托,更可于每年设杜甫祭奠大典或杜甫诗歌节等盛大纪念活动,以扩大湖南作为诗圣魂归之地的知名度和影响力,促进湖湘文化在新时代更好地传承发展。

  前不久,境外一部纪录片用“最伟大”来形容杜甫,把他同但丁、莎士比亚比肩。由是观之,杜甫遗存也是湖南可以与世界文明更好对话的宝贵财富,更好地缅怀杜甫,意义尤其重大。

  更重要的是,2020年,恰逢杜甫逝世1250周年。在决战脱贫攻坚、决胜全面小康的历史性时刻,凭吊疾呼“安得广夏千万间,大庇天下寒士俱欢颜”的诗圣杜甫,更有助于人们深刻理解新时代的伟大内涵。“万国城头吹画角,此曲哀怨何时终!”(杜甫《岁晏行》)杜甫晚年贫病愁苦,却始终情系国运民生,直至生命最后,实在令人崇敬而哀叹。然而,“此曲哀怨有时终”,中华复兴,民生康乐,扩建杜甫江阁、兴起“诗圣文化游”,也是对杜甫伟大灵魂的更好告慰吧?

  现在离2002年杜甫江阁的建成也过去近20年,湖南经济社会发展日新月异,诸如扩建杜甫江阁、更好缅怀杜甫的条件,或许也已具备。纵然还不具备,也可以深信,持续传承弘扬诗圣忧时爱民的精神,湖南的发展会越来越好。越来越幸福的湖南人民,也一定会更加深切地缅怀杜甫。

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